[6], Darlan expected Germany to win the war and saw it as to France's advantage to collaborate with Germany. [15] Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Allied commander on the spot recognized Darlan as commander of all French forces in the area and recognized his self-nomination as High Commissioner of France (head of civil government) for North and West Africa on 14 November. Allied commander Dwight D. Eisenhower struck a controversial deal with Darlan, recognizing him as High Commissioner of France for North and West Africa. His great-grandfather was killed at the Battle of Trafalgar. La tombe de l’amiral Darlan fracassée, le mausolée dans lequel sont déposés les ossements des marins non identifiés est à ciel ouvert. He was appointed Chef de Cabinet to Leygues and promoted to contre-amiral in 1929. By Alain Darlan. The Germans were more direct: German troops occupied the remaining 40% of France. Sign Up . In 1939, Darlan was promoted to admiral of the fleet, a rank created specifically for him. à 11h49 En novembre 2005, il a été constaté que sa tombe, ainsi que de nombreuses tombes de marins français et l’ossuaire du cimetière militaire, avaient été profanés. Articles populaires 316 pp, Amiot-Dumont, 1953. [6]:139–40 General Charles Noguès, Commander-in-Chief of French forces in North Africa, was dismayed at the armistice but accepted it partly (he claimed) because Darlan would not let him have the French fleet to continue hostilities against the Axis powers. Darlan a été, après Laval, l’interlocuteur d’Hitler. His order was obeyed;[14] not only in French North Africa, but also by the Vichy forces in French West Africa with its potentially useful facilities at Dakar. The next day, 8 November, the Western Allies would invade French North Africa. Darlan was Commander-in-Chief of the French Navy at the beginning of World War II. Remerciements Photo / Yves Moreau . [8], On 16 June Churchill's telegram arrived agreeing to an armistice (France and Britain were bound by treaty not to seek a separate peace) provided the French fleet was moved to British ports. La veille de Noël, il y a quarante-quatre ans, l'amiral François Darlan était assassiné à Alger. La vie et la mort de cet homme secret restent encore chargées de mystères. A relever sur la tombe, « Amiral de la Flotte », inscrit dans le marbre et colifichet à lui seul attribué, voilà qui fait bien rigoler, vu le calibre d’un personnage dont le caméléon aurait pu être l’emblème ! Darlan werd in 1936 bevorderd tot Amiral en in 1937 tot stafchef van de marine. C'est un épisode méconnu de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. He was a monarchist, and opposed to Vichy. [6]:139–40 At Italian suggestion, the armistice terms were amended to permit the fleet to stay temporarily in North African ports, where they might potentially be seized by Italian troops from Libya. In April 1942, Darlan resigned his ministries to Pierre Laval at German insistence, but retained his position as Commander-in-Chief of the French Armed Forces. He was willing to accept an armistice provided the French fleet was kept out of German hands. As a result, more than two-thirds of the British forces were landed in England by the rescuing vessels and only one-seventh of … il y a 5 heures. It followed a model drawn up in London and already approved at the highest levels.[14]. Darlan was immensely proud of the French navy which he had helped to build up, and after Axis forces defeated France (May–June 1940), on 3 June he threatened that he would mutiny and lead the fleet to fight under the British flag in the event of an armistice. Celui-ci ayant exigé le retour de Laval, Darlan démissionna de ses fonctions gouvernementales tout en restant chef des Armées. He was promoted to rear admiral in 1929, vice admiral in 1932, lieutenant admiral in 1937 before finally being made admiral and Chief of the Naval Staff in 1937. [9], Darlan served as the Minister of Marine in the Pétain administration from 16 June. They lacked confidence that Darlan was being straight with them (one government adviser minuted that he had 'turned crook like the rest')[6]:149 and believed that, even if he was sincere, he could not deliver on his promise. Then, at the last moment, Darlan had sent a supplemental order to Admiral Abrial, who was in charge of the evacuation. For the racehorse, see, 1941–42: collaboration with Germany and after, British forces destroyed French ships anchored at Mers-el-Kébir, conquered French Syria and Lebanon in June–July 1941, all capital ships were scuttled, and only three destroyers and a few dozen smaller ships were captured, Newspaper clippings about François Darlan, Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation, Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Déportation, Sons and Daughters of Jewish Deportees from France, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=François_Darlan&oldid=995707304, French military personnel of World War II, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2016, Wikipedia articles with Léonore identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Funk, Arthur L. "Negotiating the 'Deal with Darlan'.". L'historien apporte un nouvel éclairage sur le personnage très contreversé de l'amiral Darlan, assassiné en 1942. He was admiral of the fleet and Chief of Staff of the French Navy in 1939 at the beginning of World War II. On the afternoon of 24 December 1942, Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle shot Darlan in his headquarters; Darlan died a few hours later. The Allies had anticipated little resistance from French forces in North Africa, instead expecting them to accept the authority of General Henri Giraud, who was extracted from France to take charge. [14], In January 1942, Darlan assumed additional government offices. Héro de la marine pendant la première guerre mondiale, l’amiral Darlan fut au même titre que Laval une des figures de la collaboration. Nez bouché, chapeau sur la tête, regardant ailleurs !!! En septembre 1939, François d'Astier de La Vigerie est placé par le général Gamelin à la tête de la zone d'opérations aériennes du Nord qui comprend les principales forces aériennes françaises.Il fait la connaissance de l'amiral Darlan à l'occasion de réunions organisées par le "généralissime" et découvre un homme rusé et calculateur. [11], Churchill later wrote that Darlan could have been the leader of the Free French, "a de Gaulle raised to the tenth power", had he defected at this time. 1942 : DARLAN, un amiral bien encombrant Publié par La Plume et le Rouleau sur 24 Décembre 2001, 15:48pm Ca part sur de mauvaises bases, à moins que ce Melton ait vraiment trouvé des documents inédits, la démonstration doit être tarabiscotée. Ne pas confondre avec la dignité d’amiral de France qui n’a pas été attribuée depuis 1869. Jean Louis Xavier François Darlan (7 August 1881 – 24 December 1942) was a French admiral and political figure. Darlan graduated from the École Navale in 1902. [1] His father, Jean-Baptiste Darlan, was a lawyer and politician who served as Minister of Justice in the cabinet of Jules Méline. 2000 ans d'Histoire sur France Inter de Patrice Gélinet avec Bernard Costagliola (historien). Bonnier de La Chapelle was a youth of 20, the son of a French journalist. On 11 February he was named Pétain's eventual successor, in accordance with Act Number Four of the constitution. La tombe de l’amiral Darlan dans le même cimetière. This belief led to Operation Catapult, where, on 3 July 1940 British forces destroyed French ships anchored at Mers-el-Kébir. Le 24 décembre 1942 à Alger, un complot faisait tomber François Darlan. Que reste-t-il des marins tombés à Mers El Kébir. However, as Darlan had promised, no capital ships fell into German hands, and only three destroyers and a few dozen submarines and smaller vessels passed into German control. L'amiral Darlan Parle. He also became Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of the Interior, and Minister of National Defence, making him the de facto head of the Vichy government. In the process, they captured Darlan. Some high American and British officials objected, and there was furious criticism by newspapers and politicians. Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle, né le 4 novembre 1922 à Alger et mort fusillé le 26 décembre 1942 à Alger, est connu pour avoir assassiné le 24 décembre 1942 l'amiral François Darlan, ancien chef du gouvernement de Vichy, au pouvoir de fait en Afrique française du Nord. [13], Because he reported only to Pétain, Darlan exercised broad powers, although Pétain's own entourage (including Weygand) continued to wield considerable influence. Les marins sont révoltés. In return, on 10 November, Darlan ordered all French forces to join the Allies. L'amiral Darlan Parle. De Gaulle's biographer Jean Lacouture described Darlan as "the archetypal man of failed destiny" thereafter. Subscribe. [14] But in April 1942, at German insistence, Darlan resigned his ministries, and was replaced by Laval, whom the Germans considered more trustworthy. After France signed an armistice with Nazi Germany in 1940, Darlan served in the pro-German Vichy regime, becoming its deputy leader for a time. He was appointed Chief of the Naval Staff from 1 January 1937, at the same time promoted to amiral. Admiral Jean-Francois Darlan achieved fame in both the French Navy and in French politics during World War Two. Jean Louis Xavier François Darlan (7 August 1881 – 24 December 1942) was a French admiral and political figure. After France's armistice with Germany in June 1940, Darlan served in Philippe Pétain's Vichy regime as Minister of Marine, and in February 1941 he took over as Vice-President of the Council, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of the Interior and Minister of National Defence, making him the de facto head of the Vichy government. on Foreign Affairs magazine! Le débat est d’autant plus passionné et polémique qu’il est en quasiment monopolisé par les nostalgiques de l’Algérie française, des intégristes religieux des deux bords, et de l’extrême droite de manière plus globale. [14] However, by 1941 Darlan had become Pétain's most trusted associate. Convaincu de l’inéluctabilité de la victoire allemande, il se lança résolument dans une politique de collaboration avec l’Allemagne (il rencontre Hitler). ... raconte la mort : déchirure, résignation et au revoir. Le sort de ses restes dépend, comme ceux de l’ensemble des populations métropolitaines inhumées, du sort des cimetières chrétiens en Algérie. Less than two months later, on 24 December, Darlan was assassinated by Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle, a 20-year-old monarchist and anti-Vichyiste. Darlan was born on August 7th, 1881. Vichyregering. Georges Leygues, a political colleague of his father who would spend seven years as Minister of the Marine, was Darlan's godfather.[2]. Hitler, however, distrusted France and wanted it to remain neutral during his planned attack on the Soviet Union.[13]. Darlan a été inhumé au cimetière militaire de Mers el-Kébir, près d’Oran, en Algérie, où sont enterrés les marins qui ont péri dans l’attaque de la flotte française. - par  cp, © 2006-2021 Cimetières de France et d’ailleurs. Avec l'amiral Darlan et l'amiral Leclerc, en décembre 1942. Born in Nérac, Darlan graduated from the École navale in 1902 and quickly advanced through the ranks following his service during World War I. Darlan was born in Nérac, Lot-et-Garonne, to a family with a long connection with the French Navy. darlan-tombe. L'Amiral Darlan (1/2). Darlan a été inhumé au cimetière militaire de Mers el-Kébir, près d’Oran, en Algérie, où sont enterrés les marins qui ont péri dans l’attaque de la flotte française. The "deal" was even more upsetting to Berlin and to the Vichy government. In 1902, he graduated from the French Naval Academy and during World War … Il accueille divers dignitaires militaires alliées, y compris le Général français Henri Giraud. Pétain stripped Darlan of his offices and ordered resistance to the end in North Africa, but was ignored. In February 1941 Darlan replaced Pierre-Étienne Flandin as "Vice President of the Council" (prime minister). Hommage au général Lukov – Sofia – 13 février 2021. il y a 45 minutes. [6]:139–40, Despite Darlan's assurance, Churchill had remained concerned that Darlan might be overruled by the politicians, and this concern was not allayed by Darlan becoming a government minister himself. [12], Thereafter, French forces loyal to Vichy (most of them under Darlan's command) fiercely resisted British moves into French territory, and sometimes co-operated with German forces. Lettre ouverte à Jacques Julliard sur le sort de notre ami embastillé Hervé Ryssen. Le corps de L’amiral DARLAN a été rapatrié d’ALGER à MERS ELS KEBIR le 29 avril 1964 mission particulière pour l’escorteur d’escadre MAILLE BREZE avec la présence à bord du fils DARLAN Alain, cimetière militaire de Mers el-Kébir - Algérie, samedi 2 mars 2013 Les Sarraut, où comment se jouer des cimetières... 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[10] Darlan ordered all ships then in the Atlantic ports (which Germany would soon occupy) to steam to French overseas possessions, out of reach of the Germans, although not necessarily of the Italians. Avec perspicacité, H. Coutau-Bégarie et C. Huan jaugent l'ascension de Darlan au sein de la marine et de la hiérarchie gouvernementale à l'aune de celle de ses collègues. Le général Dwight D. Eisenhower accueille des dignitaires militaires. François Darlan opte quant à lui pour une carrière militaire dans la Marine. Amiral DARLAN « mort pour la France » on peut en discuter ! Les auteurs n'insistent pas de manière excessive sur son rôle dans la création de la puissante flotte de 1939. [13], Darlan came from a republican background and never believed in the Vichyite Révolution nationale; for example, he had reservations about Pétain's clericalism. [4] In 1939 he was promoted to Amiral de la flotte, a rank created specifically to put him on equal terms with the First Sea Lord of the Royal Navy.[1]. This last condition was opposed by Darlan's rival, General Maxime Weygand, and the Protocols were never ratified, though Weygand was dismissed at German insistence in November 1941. Get the Magazine. En novembre 2005, il a été constaté que sa tombe, ainsi que de nombreuses tombes de marins français … In running the French colonial empire, Darlan relied heavily on the personal loyalty of key army and naval officers in the colonies to head off defection to Free France. Darlan was seen by many to be pro-Nazi Germany and he has been portrayed as a collaborator. However, the Germans paused outside Toulon, the base where most of the remaining French ships were moored. [21] Harold Macmillan, who was Churchill's adviser to Eisenhower at the time of the assassination, wryly described Darlan's service and death by saying, "Once bought, he stayed bought. Ministre des marines marchande et militaire dans le gouvernement de Vichy, il obtint également la vice-présidence du Conseil avec le portefeuille de l’Intérieur et des Affaires étrangères, et la succession tacite à Pétain après le renvoi de Laval. L’arriviste idole du peu progressiste Hervé Coutau-Bégarie incarna ce qu’il y eut de pire et de médiocre dans le cheptel militaro-politique entre les deux guerres. Avec l’armistice en juin 1940, plusieurs anciens membres, ou ex-sympathisants, de la Cagoule se rallièrent au gouvernement de Vichy. Il en partage le mérite avec Georges Leygues et l'amiral Durand- Viel. Recommandé pour vous. [14] After the British conquered French Syria and Lebanon in June–July 1941, and the German invasion of the USSR stalled before Moscow by December 1941, Darlan moved away from his policy of collaboration. [13], As a prominent figure in the Vichy government, Darlan repeatedly offered Hitler active military cooperation against Britain. But resistance continued, and no one heeded Giraud, who had no official status. Quant aux cimetieres chretiens en ALGERIE , à quand un article dans votre site incomparable M LANDRU ? To bring a quick end to the resistance and secure French co-operation, the Allies came to an agreement with Darlan, who as commander-in-chief could give the necessary orders. Vie politique française : souverains, républiques et gouvernements, LE POUVOIR EN FRANCE, du Ve siècle à nos jours, Dynasties célèbres éparpillées dans les cimetières, Les Fessard et les Lebegue : une dynastie de sculpteurs, Les Garcia : Une dynastie au service de l’art lyrique, Les Pezon : des hommes et des fauves à la Belle Epoque, Les Thierry : une dynastie au service de l’histoire, La descendance naturelle de Napoléon Ier, Les d’Aboville, une famille d’officiers, Les Debré : une dynastie entre Paris et Touraine, Les Lariboisière : des champs de bataille à l’hôpital, Les Pelletan : protestantisme et République. L'amiral Darlan doit quitter le cimetière de Mers el Kébir et retourner à Nérac dans sa famille ... où les tombes des marins morts à Mers El Kébir ont été saccagées et les sépultures violées par des criminels de la mémoire. He distrusted the British, and after the armistice of June 1940, he seriously considered waging a naval war against Britain. (De nombreuses photos sont prises par l’un des participants, Raymond Quessada) Subsequently, in 1934, he took command of the Atlantic Squadron at Brest. In 1930, he served as the French Navy's representative at the London Naval Conference, and in 1932 he was promoted to vice-amiral. The plans for "Catapult" had been drawn up as early as 14, 15 or 16 June. [6]:62 Even on 15 June he was still talking of a potential armistice with indignation. Voir le Blog de Pierre.S : cliquez ici. Darlan - La collaboration à tout prix (EAN13 : 9782271083180) édité par CNRS Editions - La biographie de référence du second dauphin de Pétain, fondée sur des archives inédites. Darlan negotiated the Paris Protocols of May 1941 with Germany, in which Germany made concessions on prisoners of war and occupation terms, and France agreed to German bases in French colonies. Chef d’état-major de la marine (1936) qu’il contribua à moderniser, il demanda et obtint en 1939 le rétablissement à son profit de la dignité d’amiral de la Flotte pour être à grade égal au Premier lord de la mer britannique. Thereafter Darlan rose swiftly. Stay informed. He was involved with a royalist group that wanted to restore the pretender to the French throne, the Count of Paris. However, the Germans became suspicious of Darlan's opportunism and malleable loyalties as his obstructionism mounted. Général Eisenhower, Amiral Darlan et Général Giraud à Alger . This was not acceptable to Darlan, who argued that it would leave France defenceless. In return, Darlan ordered all French forces in North Africa to cease resistance and cooperate with the Allies. Sa promotion au rang de vice-amiral de la flotte n… He refused to provide French conscript labour, he also insisted on protecting Jewish war veterans, and only reluctantly enforced anti-Semitic laws. [10] Petain's government signed an armistice (22 June 1940) but retained control of the territories known as "Vichy France" after the capital moved to Vichy in early July. Si vous êtes fan de lecture depuis des années, découvrez sans plus tarder toutes nos offres et nos bonnes affaires exceptionnelles pour l'acquisition d'un produit Darlan - Amiral Et Homme D'état Français, 1881-1942. "[1], "Darlan" redirects here. Achat Darlan - Amiral Et Homme D'état Français, 1881-1942 à prix bas sur Rakuten. Le 24 décembre 1942, quelques jours après cette déclaration, l’amiral de la flotte Darlan est assassiné. Se trouvant à Alger lors du débarquement allié de 1942, il prit le pouvoir en Afrique du Nord avec le soutien des Américains, mais il fut abattu le 24 décembre à Alger par l’étudiant Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle. Darlan repeatedly refused British requests to place the whole fleet in British custody (or in the French West Indies), and in attempts to get the British to release French warships, gave a version of the armistice terms inconsistent with what the British knew from other sources to be the case. [5] Darlan promised Churchill at the Briare Conference (12 June) that no French ship would ever come into German hands. General de Gaulle and his Free France organization were outraged; so were the pro-Allied conspirators who had seized Algiers. François Darlan, in full Jean-louis-xavier-françois Darlan, (born Aug. 7, 1881, Nérac, Fr.—died Dec. 24, 1942, Algiers [Algeria]), French admiral and a leading figure in Marshal Philippe Pétain’s World War II Vichy government.. Darlan graduated from the French naval school in 1902 and then advanced through the various ranks, becoming a rear admiral in 1929, vice admiral, admiral, … L'amiral de la deuxième flotte d'Europe, un temps considéré comme le successeur du maréchal Pétain, était assassiné par Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle qui sera arrêté, interrogé puis fusillé. Save up to 55%. Toen Parijs in juni 1940 werd bezet was Darlan een van degenen die achter maarschalk Philippe Pétain ging staan. The "deal" thus was the result of a long and carefully considered Allied plan for reaching a political and military accord with Vichy. Deloncle rejoignit l’amiral Darlan, reprit contact avec d’anciens cagoulards et, fin 1940, créa le Mouvement social révolutionnaire pour la Révolution nationale (M.S.R. [5][8], The terms of the armistice called for the demobilisation and disarmament of the ships of the French Navy under German supervision in their home ports (mostly in the German-occupied zone). As the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill pointed out, this meant that French warships would be fully armed when they came under German control. It was said that "no tears were shed" by the British over his death. La tombe de l'amiral DARLAN profanée au cimetière marin de Mers el kebir, Christine Albanel remet l'archive de l'époque à l'Algérie. L'amiral français Jean Louis Darlan salue la tombe. De plus en plus contesté, le 24 décembre 1942 à Alger, l’amiral Darlan est abattu en sortant de son bureau par un jeune étudiant, Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle. Funk claimed Darlan had been in talks with American diplomats for months about switching sides, and when the opportunity came he did so promptly. Il s'appuie sur des documents inédits d'archives américaines, françaises et … [5] That evening Paul Reynaud, feeling he lacked sufficient cabinet support for continuing the war, resigned as Prime Minister, and Philippe Pétain formed a new government with a view to seeking an armistice with Germany. L’affaire ne fut jamais vraiment élucidée, mais le comte de Paris ou De Gaulle ont pu en être les commanditaires du meurtre. [18][19][20], Darlan was unpopular with the Allies – he was considered pompous, having asked Eisenhower to provide 200 Coldstream Guards and Grenadier Guards as an honor company for the commemoration of Napoleon's victory at Austerlitz.