In 1992, convinced a candidate could not become president whilst advocating anti-European policies, he called for a "yes" vote in the referendum on the Maastricht Treaty, against the opinion of Pasqua, Séguin and a majority of the RPR voters, who chose to vote "no". [45] He also reduced expenditure on nuclear weapons[46] and the French nuclear arsenal was reduced to include 350 warheads, compared to the Russian nuclear arsenal of 16,000 warheads. [citation needed], Giscard has always blamed Chirac for his defeat. [93] He was convicted of diverting public funds, abuse of trust and illegal conflict of interest. « Le Royaume du Maroc gardera précieusement le souvenir d’un grand ami qui a activement contribué à la consolidation des relations d’amitié entre nos deux pays en les érigeant en un partenariat d’exception. This matter has been called the second Clearstream Affair. Il sera représenté par le prince héritier Moulay El Hassan, a annoncé le cabinet royal. Due to his attacks against the economic policy of the Socialist government, he gradually aligned himself with prevailing economically liberal opinion, even though it did not correspond with Gaullist doctrine. Knapp, Andrew. Chirac was previously the Prime Minister of France from 1974 to 1976 and from 1986 to 1988, as well as the Mayor of Paris from 1977 to 1995. [18], In 1953, after graduating from the Sciences Po, he attended a non-credit course at Harvard University's summer school, before entering the École nationale d'administration, which trains France's top civil servants, in 1957. Discours de M. Jacques Chirac, Président de la République, sur la coopération euro-méditerranéenne et euro-marocaine, l'attribution de bourses aux étudiants étrangers venant étudier dans les pays développés, et le tourisme au Maroc, Tanger le 10 octobre 2003. He allegedly refused any alliance with Jean-Marie Le Pen's Front National. Lorsque ce dernier décède en 1999, le président français suit son imposant cortège funéraire. C’était également la première invitation destinée à une armée étrangère à parader sur les Champs Élysées. Acting heads of state are denoted by an asterisk. Jacques Chirac, ancien président de la République française, fête aujourd’hui ses 86 ans. [66], Shortly after leaving office, he launched the Fondation Chirac[67] in June 2008. Cohabitation significantly weakened the power of Chirac's presidency. Les porteurs du prénom Jacques attribuent quant à eux une note moyenne de 4,1/5 à leur prénom (165 votes). [71], On 11 April 2008, Chirac's office announced that he had undergone successful surgery to fit a pacemaker. Furthermore, the satirical newspaper Le Canard enchaîné revealed the astronomical "food expenses" paid by the Parisian municipality (€15 million a year according to the Canard), expenses managed by Roger Romani (who allegedly destroyed all archives of the period 1978–93 during night raids in 1999–2000). [citation needed] A former Vietnamese refugee, Anh Dao Traxel, is a foster daughter of Jacques and Bernadette Chirac. [73] A poll conducted in 2010 suggested he was the most admired political figure in France, while Sarkozy was 32nd. In 1954, Chirac presented The Development of the Port of New-Orleans, a short geography/economic thesis to the Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris (Sciences Po), which he had entered three years before. Jacques Chirac était fasciné par la beauté de ce monument. The demonstrations were largely pitted against Juppé's plan for pension reform, and ultimately led to his dismissal. Son double mandat présidentiel (1995-2007) a été marqué par son refus de participer à la deuxième guerre contre l’Irak, menée par les États-Unis, mais aussi par la reconnaissance de la responsabilité de l’État français vis-à-vis des crimes nazis et la suppression du service militaire obligatoire en 1996. Thousands of people were invited each year to receptions in the Paris city hall, while many political, media and artistic personalities were hosted in private flats owned by the city. Jacques Chirac l’avait accueilli à l’Élysée et lui avait confirmé l’importance du Maroc pour la diplomatie française. "Jacques Chirac: Surviving without Leading?." This unprecedented power-sharing arrangement, known as cohabitation, gave Chirac the lead in domestic affairs. Depuis, une véritable amitié s’est développée entre les deux chefs d’État : « Je dois à Hassan II une sorte d’initiation aux complexités et aux valeurs du monde arabe et musulman. Chirac seized the occasion to periodically criticise Jospin's government. [78] His requiem mass was held at the Saint-Sulpice Church on 30 September 2019, celebrated by Michel Aupetit, Archbishop of Paris, and attended by representatives from about 175 countries, included 69 past and present heads of state, government and international organizations. Secretary of State for Economy and Finance: 1968–71. Il avait notamment conseillé l’ex-président américain Bush de revenir sur sa décision d’occuper l’Irak, mais en vain… Que la paix soit sur lui! It had been expected that he would face incumbent prime minister Lionel Jospin (PS) in the second round of elections; instead, Chirac faced far-right politician Jean-Marie Le Pen of the National Front (FN), who came in 200,000 votes ahead of Jospin. Municipal councillor of Sainte-Féréole: 1965–77. [citation needed] He was a Roman Catholic. C’est son fils le prince Moulay Al Hassan qui a représenté le royaume aux obsèques. Sur le plan international, Chirac était connu pour sa personnalité et son courage. Jacques René Chirac was born on 29 November 1932 in the 5th arrondissement of Paris. B ien que le mot actuel de Maroc fasse penser à ses origines antiques de Maurétanie ou à sa localisation géographique de maghreb (occident), il demeure très probable que son origine étymologique remonte à sa capitale médiévale : Marrakech. Né le 29 novembre 1932 à Paris, Jacques Chirac est le fils d’Abel Chirac, directeur d'une société aéronautique, et de Marie-Louise Valette. Today the organisation executive board is chaired by Philippe Douste-Blazy. In 1978, Chirac attacked the pro-European policy of Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (VGE), and made a nationalist turn with the December 1978 Call of Cochin, initiated by his counsellors Marie-France Garaud and Pierre Juillet, which had first been called by Pompidou. At the end of his first term it accounted for three percent of GDP. The 182-page typewritten work, supervised by Professor Jean Chardonnet, is illustrated by photographs, sketches and diagrams. [101], Chirac remained married, but had several other relationships.[102][103][104]. He doubled the number of presidential cars – to 61 cars and seven scooters in the Palace's garage. [93] His defence team decided not to appeal. "Chirac and ‘la Francafrique’: No longer a family affair. [25], After his departure from the cabinet, Chirac wanted to gain the leadership of the political right, to gain the French presidency in the future. Jacques Chirac a 11 ans, entouré de ses parents, Marie-Louise et Abel./Sipa En août 1944, c'est encore aux premières loges qu'à 11 ans il assiste au Débarquement en Provence des forces alliées. Lors de son retrait de la vie politique française, l’ancien président et son épouse Bernadette se rendaient souvent au Maroc pour passer plus de temps dans les environs d'Agadir et notamment à Taroudant où le couple avait ses habitudes depuis de nombreuses années dans l'hôtel mythique la Gazelle d’or où ils disposaient d’une suite attitrée. En vacances depuis plusieurs semaines au Maroc, Jacques Chirac a dû quitter précipitamment Agadir pour la France à cause d'une « une infection pulmonaire ». L’histoire se souviendra de Jacques Chirac comme d’un dirigeant ayant été sincèrement proche des aspirations des Arabes. Jacques Chaban-Delmas announced his candidacy in spite of the disapproval of the "Pompidolians". Grand amoureux du royaume, il avait pour habitude de venir régulièrement avec son épouse dans son pied-à-terre à Taroudant. Chirac's first tenure as prime minister was also an arguably progressive one, with improvements in both the minimum wage and the social welfare system carried out during the course of his premiership. [24], Citing Giscard's unwillingness to give him authority, Chirac resigned as Prime Minister in 1976. I do not believe France is responsible," he said in September 1994. Reelected in 1973, 1976. [citation needed], On 29 May 2005, a referendum was held in France to decide whether the country should ratify the proposed treaty for a Constitution of the European Union (TCE). On the domestic front, neo-liberal economic austerity measures introduced by Chirac and his conservative prime minister Alain Juppé, including budgetary cutbacks, proved highly unpopular. [7] Then, Chirac's economic policies, based on dirigisme, allowing for state-directed investment, stood in opposition to the laissez-faire policies of the United Kingdom under the ministries of Margaret Thatcher and John Major, which Chirac described as "Anglo-Saxon ultraliberalism".[8]. Nester, William R. "President Chirac." Mohammed VI souffrant d'une « pneumopathie », c'est son fils Moulay El Hassan qui l'a représenté aux obsèques de Jacques Chirac. ", "Chirac labels 'racist' Le Pen as threat to nation's soul", "Jacques Chirac, Who Led France Envisioning European Unity, Is Dead at 86", "Sarkozy's team is small in size, wide in scope", "Chirac Affirms France's Guilt in Fate of Jews", Allocution de M. Jacques CHIRAC Président de la République prononcée lors des cérémonies commémorant la grande rafle des 16 et 17 juillet 1942 (Paris), "Allocution de M. Jacques CHIRAC Président de la République prononcée lors des cérémonies commémorant la grande rafle des 16 et 17 juillet 1942 (Paris)", La suite du testament de Jean-Claude Méry, CIA – The World Factbook – Rank Order – Military expenditures – percent of GDP, "Nuclear Weapons – France Nuclear Forces", "France's § 2.8 billion aid package unlikely to bring quick fix : Alstom bailout may be long haul", "People's Daily Online – France's Alstom, China ink $1.3b contracts", Chirac: Nuclear Response to Terrorism Is Possible, "France Criticizes Israel Attack on Lebanon", "France Urged Israel to Invade Syria During War", "Jacques Chirac – explorateur du monde multipolaire", "Street named in honour of Jacques Chirac at Louvre Abu Dhabi ceremony", "Stung by Voters on EU, Chirac Replaces His Prime Minister", "Minor stroke puts Chirac in hospital but he hangs on to reins of government", "Rivals in open warfare after Chirac's stroke raises stakes in succession fight battle", "France's New Five-Year Presidential Term", France's Chirac says he will not run for re-election, "Chirac launches foundation 'to awaken consciences, "Fondation Chirac " The Fondation Chirac Prize for Conflict Prevention", "Chirac found guilty on corruption charges", Chirac trouve un point de chute à Paris chez la famille Hariri, "France election 2012: Chirac mocks Sarkozy in memoirs", "'Impetuous, disloyal, and un-French': Chirac attempts coup de grace on Sarkozy", "Jacques Chirac breaks four-year silence on Nicolas Sarkozy to criticise French president", "Jacques Chirac in hospital with 'acute gout, "Former French President Jacques Chirac Hospitalized", "Former French President Jacques Chirac is hospitalized with lung infection", "Jacques Chirac, French President Who Championed European Identity, Is Dead at 86", "INTERVIEW - Chirac juge "sympathique" sa marionnette des Guignols, actualité Médias 2.0 : Le Point", "Bernard Le Coq dans la peau du retraité Chirac", "Jacques Chirac, cinématographique mais pas trop", "The Chirac Doctrine: France's Iraq-war plan", "1981: Israel bombs Baghdad nuclear reactor", "Out of Area or Out of Reach? [16], Inspired by Charles de Gaulle, Chirac started to pursue a civil service career in the 1950s. [87], Chirac's immunity from prosecution ended in May 2007, when he left office as president. [60], Chirac requested the Landau-report (published in September 2004) and combined with the Report of the Technical Group on Innovative Financing Mechanisms formulated upon request by the Heads of State of Brazil, Chile, France and Spain (issued in December 2004), these documents present various opportunities for innovative financing mechanisms while equally stressing the advantages (stability and predictability) of tax-based models. Jacques Chirac est décédé le jeudi 26 septembre 2019, à l’âge de 86 ans. His great-grandparents on both sides were peasants in the rural south-western region of the Corrèze. He hired 145 extra employees – the total number of the people he employed simultaneously was 963. Councillor of Paris: 1977–1995 (Resignation). [36] Reacting to criticism, Chirac said, "You only have to look back at 1935...There were people then who were against France arming itself, and look what happened." J acques Chirac vient de décéder, aujourd’hui, à l’âge de 86 ans, indiquent des sources médiatiques françaises. Because of his alleged improprieties, he was lambasted in a song Chirac en prison ("Chirac in prison") by French punk band Les Wampas, with a video clip made by the Guignols. Chirac was also featured in Le Bêbête Show as an overexcited, jumpy character. Grand ami du Maroc, Chef de l’Etat, premier ministre, ministre, maire de Paris, Jacques Chirac est décédé jeudi 26 septembre, à l’âge de 86 ans. Rabat (Maroc) le 10 juillet 2006. Although it has been often interpreted by historians as the struggle between two rival French right-wing families (the Bonapartists, represented by Chirac, and the Orleanists, represented by VGE), both figures in fact were members of the liberal, Orleanist tradition, according to historian Alain-Gérard Slama. [87], The conditions of the privatisation of the Parisian water system acquired very cheaply by the Compagnie Générale des Eaux and the Lyonnaise des Eaux, then directed by Jérôme Monod, a close friend of Chirac, were also criticised. President François Mitterrand had reiterated this position: "The Republic had nothing to do with this. While the far-right National Front grew, taking advantage of the proportional representation electoral system which had been introduced for the 1986 legislative elections, he signed an electoral pact with the Giscardian (and more or less Christian Democratic) party Union for French Democracy (UDF). Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development: 1972–74. Jacques Chirac fut le porte-parole acharné de l’Afrique à l’ONU, où les pays africains le lui rendaient bien. Le 21 septembre 2000, Jacques Chirac prononce ce joli mot-valise à la télévision, sur France 3, devant Élise Lucet qui l’interviewe. [33], While he still was mayor of Paris (since 1977),[34] Chirac went to Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire) where he supported President Houphouët-Boigny (1960–1993), although the latter was being called a "thief" by the local population. in, Gaffney, John. However, benefiting from positive polls, Balladur decided to be a presidential candidate, with the support of a majority of right-wing politicians. France led several other European countries in an effort to prevent the invasion. «Abracadabrantesque». Chirac occupied various senior positions, including Minister of Agriculture and Minister of the Interior. "[29] His rivalry with Giscard d'Estaing intensified. The sequence of events ignited a large fire and caused the Concorde to veer left on its takeoff roll. On 21 March 1974, he cancelled the SAFARI project due to privacy concerns after its existence was revealed by Le Monde. In an address to the nation, Chirac declared that the new cabinet's top priority was to curb unemployment, which was consistently hovering above 10 percent, calling for a "national mobilisation" to that effect. After François Mitterrand left office in 1995, Chirac began a rapprochement with NATO by joining the Military Committee and attempting to negotiate a return to the integrated military command, which failed after the French demand for parity with the United States went unmet. Je lui dois une plus claire conscience des enjeux internationaux, du rôle de l’Europe en Méditerranée, mais aussi de ce que le monde attend de la France », avait déclaré Chirac lors des funérailles du Roi Hassan II en 1999. Ses parents, Abel François CHIRAC et Marie Louise Joséphine VALETTE s’y étaient pourtant mariés en 1921, mais s’étaient établis à Paris où naît le futur Président le 29 novembre 1932. He refused to give instructions to the RPR voters but said that he supported the incumbent president "in a private capacity", which was interpreted as almost de facto support of the Socialist Party's (PS) candidate, François Mitterrand, who was elected by a broad majority. He was also known for his stand against the American-led assault on Iraq, his recognition of the collaborationist French Government's role in deporting Jews, and his reduction of the presidential term from 7 years to 5 through a referendum in 2000. From March 1974, he was entrusted by President Pompidou with preparations for the presidential election then scheduled for 1976. [79] He was originally portrayed as a rather likable, though overexcited, character; following the corruption allegations, however, he was depicted as a kind of dilettante and incompetent who pilfered public money and lied through his teeth. [76] According to his son-in-law Frederic Salat-Baroux, Chirac was again hospitalised in Paris with a lung infection on 18 September 2016.